12 The colonization of the capital and the metropolitan region is different from that in the interior of the state thus, our study is the first carried out in a population in the northwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Although there are data on allelic variability and genotypic frequency of erythrocyte antigens in the country, 5, 6, 8–11 these data are still scarce in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) in southern Brazil. In transfusion practice, knowing the blood profiles of donors/recipients can contribute to transfusion safety, as knowing the frequencies of antigens of the main blood groups in each population can help in the search for compatible donors. 5, 6 The most implicated antibodies in delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions are directed against antigens D, K, E, C, c, Fy a, Di a, S and Jk a. 3, 4 The frequency of these antigens is also quite variable across the country. 2 The clinical relevance of an erythrocyte antigen in transfusion depends on the incidence of the antigen in the population, which can vary in different ethnic groups, and Brazil is characterized by its mixture of ethnicities with specific characteristics for each region of the country. 1 The molecular mechanisms responsible for these polymorphisms are diverse, although the majority represent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) encoding amino acid substitutions. Currently, the International Society for Blood Transfusion (ISBT) recognizes 340 antigens organized into 43 blood group systems, with ABO, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS and Diego being the most clinically relevant. The results showed the importance of extended genotyping in adequate blood screening and the existence of rare genotypes in Brazilian regular blood donorsĮrythrocyte antigens are polymorphic structures that can induce an immune response with a risk of hemolytic transfusion reactions. The frequency of red blood cell polymorphisms in our study is different from that of blood donors in other regions of Brazil. Some statistical differences were observed on comparing the population of this study with populations from other states in Brazil, mainly with population of Minas Gerais, Bahia and Paraná, which showed some differences from the population of Porto Alegre, which was more similar to those of Santa Catarina and São Paulo Conclusion The genetic profiling was performed through allelic discrimination assays using hydrolysis probes (TaqMan®) real-time PCR system. We evaluated the genetic variability of blood groups Rh (c.676G>C and c.307C>T), Kell (c.578C>T), Kidd (c.838A>G), Duffy (c.125A>G and c.1-67T>C), Diego (c.2561C>T) and MNS (c.143T>C) in 810 volunteer blood donors of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of alleles and genotypes of the blood group systems Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS and Diego in 810 blood donors registered in the hemotherapy unit in northwest Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Methods To date, 340 antigen-organized 43 blood group systems are recognized, being ABO, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS and Diego the most clinically relevant.
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